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1 ἐλαύνω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `drive, push, beat out (metal)', intr. `drive, ride' (on the meaning in the Epos cf. Trümpy Fachausdrücke 95f., 115f.);Other forms: also ἐλάω in inf. ἐλάᾱν, ptc. ἐλάων, impf. ἔλων (Hom.), ipv. ἔλα (Pi.), ἐλάτω, - άντω, - άσθω (Dor. inscr.) etc. (further Schwyzer 681f.), aor. ἐλάσ(σ)αι, - ασθαι, fut. ἐλάω, perf. med. ἐλήλαμαι (Il.), - ασμαι (Hp. usw.), act. ἐλήλακα (Hdt.), aor. pass. ἐλα(σ)θῆναι (Hdt.)Derivatives: Nomina actionis: ἔλασις `march (of an army), ride, expulsion etc.' (Ion.-Att.), often of the prefixed verbs: δι-, ἐξ-, ἐπ-, περι-έλασις etc. (see Holt Les noms d'action en - σις, s. index); rare ἐλασία `ride, march' (X.) with ἀπ-, ἐξ-, ἐπ-ελασία (hell.), after βο-ηλασία etc. (from βο-ηλατέω, - άτης), cf. Schwyzer 468f., Chantr. Form. 83f.; ἔλασμα `chased metal, tin, probe' (Ph. Bel., Gal.) with ἐλασμάτιον (Delos IIa, Dsc.); ἐλασμός = ἔλασμα, ἔλασις (Aristeas); ἔλατρον `flat cake' (Miletos Va), vgl. ἐλατήρ. Nom. agentis: ἐλατήρ `driver' (Il.) with ἐλατήριος `driving off' (A. Ch. 968 [lyr.]), normally `carrying away, purging', n. `purgative' (Hp.; s. Andre Les ét. class. 24, 41); ἐλατήρ `flat cake' (Com.); ἐλάτης `driver' (E. Fr. 773, 28 [lyr.]) from βοηλάτης (with βοηλατέω, - σία, s. above), ἱππηλάτης, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 31f.; ἐλάστωρ `id.' ( App. Anth. 3, 175); ἐλαστής `id.' (EM); ἐλατρεύς ὁ τρίτην πύρωσιν ἔχων τοῦ σιδήρου παρὰ τοῖς μεταλλεῦσιν H.; see Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 82f.; also as PN (θ 111); s. Boßhardt 120. Verbal adj.: ἐλατός `malleable, beaten' (Arist.), ἐξ-ήλατος `beaten' (Μ 295; several compounds like ἱππ-ήλατος, θε-ήλατος (Ion.-Att.); ἐλαστός `id.' (pap.). - Desiderat. ἐλασείω (Luc.), iterative preterite ἐλάσασκεν (Β 199). - On ἐλασᾶς and ' Ελάστερος s. vv.Etymology: Basis is ἐλᾰ- \< * h₁elh₂-; ἐλαύνω from a verbal noun *ἐλα-Ϝαρ, ἐλα-υν- (to ἐλά-ω like *ἀλε-Ϝαρ, ἀλέ-(Ϝ)ατα to ἀλέω, s. v.). A sec. formation is ἐλαστρέω (s. Έλάστερος s. v). - No certain cognate. (Arm. eɫanim `become' is improbable. Arm. elanem `go out, up' belongs to the verbs in - anem = gr. - άνω). For the Celtic nā-present OIr. ad-ellaim `go to, visit' could belong to πίλναμαι. Other Celtic forms have ( p)el-.Page in Frisk: 1,482-483Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐλαύνω
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2 κουρά
κουρά, ion. - ρήGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `cropping of the hair, the beard, wool', also of trees and grass; `lock of hair, of wool, fur'; `cut-off end, slips of wood' (IA.).Derivatives: 1. κουρεύς m. `shaver, barber' (Att.); name of a bird (H.; after the sound), with κουρεῖον ` barber-shop' (Att.), with κουρεακός ` talkative' (Plb.; on the formation Schwyzer 497); also κουρευτής `id.' (Gloss.), f. κουρεύτρια (Plu.), κουρευτικός `used for shaving' (sch., Olymp.); cf. κουρεύομαι below; on κουρεύς etc. Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 46. - 2. κούρειον (- εον) n. ` sacrifice of hair etc. on the Apaturia (S., Is., inscr.) with Κούρειος surn. of Apollon (Teos), κουρεῶτις, - ιδος ( ἡμέρα, ἑορτή) f. `the third day of the Apaturia, on which the hair of the young boys and girles was offered' (Pl., inscr.; Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 137 a. 493), Κουρεών (-ηϊών) - ῶνος m. monthname in Magnesia on the Maeander (inscr.; s. Nachmanson Magn. 23 n. 1, 50). Here also with bleached 2. member αἱμα-κουρίαι pl. ` bloodoffer' (Pi.). - 3. κούριμος `belonging to the cropping, shaved' (trag., Plu.), also κουρεύσιμος (sch.) as if from *κούρευσις ( κουρεύομαι); Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 79f. - 4. κουρικός ` used for the cropping' (pap.). - 5. κουρίς, - ίδος f. `id.' ( μάχαιρα; Cratin.), ` polisher-girl' (com., Plb.). - 6. κουρίας m. ` who has his hair shaved' (Luc., D. L.). - 7. κουράς ἡ ἐν τοῖς ὀροφώμασι γραφή, ὀροφικὸς πίναξ H.; also ἐγκουράς (A. Fr. 142, H.). - 8. κουρῖτις f. plant-name, ` περιστερεὼν ὕπτιος, Verbena officinalis' (Ps.-Dsc., Ps.-Apul.; motive unknown, cf. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 73). - Denomin. verbs: 1. κουριάω `need cropping, have long hair' (Pherecr., Plu., Luc.; after the verbs of disease in - ιάω, Schwyzer 732); 2. κουρίζω, - ίξαι `shave, cut' (Thphr., H.); 3. κουρεύομαι `adopt the tonsura, have short hair' (Just., Sch.). - On κοῦρος a. κουρίξ s. v.Etymology: As primary verbal noun κουρά stands for *κορσά (on he phonetics Schwyzer 285f., Lejeune Traité de phon. 108 n. 3, 119 n. 2); the verb is seen in Hitt. karš-mi ` cut off' (IE rather *kérs-mi than *kórs-mi); with t-enlargement Toch. A kärṣt-, B kärst- `cut off, destroy'. Traces of the same verb (with diff. sound-development) show Gr. ἀ-κερσε-κόμης, Κόρσης nickname of a smooth-shaved man (Chrysipp.), κορσός κορμός H., κορσοῦν κείρειν H. with κορσᾶς m. (pap.), κορσω-τήρ (Call., Poll.) `barber', - τεύς `id.' (Ath. 12, 520e), - τήριον `barber-shop' (ibd.); further κόρση, s. v. - Pok. 945). Further s. κείρω.Page in Frisk: 1,935Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κουρά
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3 βραβεύς
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `judge at the games, arbitrator, umpire; leader' (S.; on the meaning Boßhardt, Die Nomina auf - ευς 41f.).Dialectal forms: Here Myc. moroqa, form and meaning (a person, official?) unknown?Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Etym. unknown. - Rather with Debrunner, Eberts Reallex. 526, Chantraine Form. 125 Pre-Gr. A reconstruction *mro\/agʷ- (inspired by the Myc. form, with \/a\/, phonetically [ο]?) would fit well. - Does it imply that the sportive contests are a Pre-Greek heritage?Page in Frisk: 1,261-262Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βραβεύς
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4 δάκτυλος 1
δάκτυλος 1.Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `finger' (also as measure etc.), `toes' (Ion.-Att.);Other forms: Boeot. δακκύλιος (Tanagra)Compounds: τετραδάκτυλος; ῥοδοδάκτυλος.Derivatives: Rare dimin.: δακτυλίδιον (Ar.), δακτυλίσκος (Lebadeia), δακτυλίς (Steph. Med., Plin.); - δακτύλιος m. (- ον n.) `(finger)ring' (Sapph., Hdt.) with dimin. δακτυλίδιον (Delos IIIa, pap.), also δακτυλίδριον, - ίδρυον (pap., from - ύδριον [Chantr. Form. 72f.] dissimilated), δακτύληθρον (Them.; cf. Chantr. 373), δακτυλήθρα `glove with fingers' (X., Chantr. l.c.); - δακτυλῖτις plant name (Dsc.; after the root like a finger, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 37, Redard Les noms grecs en - της 70), δακτυλεύς name of a sea-fish (Ath.; Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 84f.). - Adj.: δακτυλ-ιαῖος `broad as a finger' (Hp.), δακτυλικός `belonging to the finger' (Ath.), δακτυλωτός `with fingers' (Ion.). - Denomin. δακτυλίζω `count with the fingers etc.' (H.) with δακτυλιστής (pap.) unknown profession.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: No etymology. Boeot. δακκύλιος, where - κκ- is hardly from - κτ-, rather from *δάτκυλος. Not to OHG zinko. Lat. digitus is also unclear. *δατκ-υλ- looks perfectly Pre-Greek: - κτ-, vowels α and υ.Page in Frisk: 1,344-345Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δάκτυλος 1
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5 δέλεαρ
δέλεαρ, - ατοςGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `decoy' (Ion.-Att.).Derivatives: Denomin. δελεάζω `entice' (Ion.-Att.) with δελέασμα (Ar.), δελεασμάτιον (Philox.), δελεασμός (Arist.) and the instr. names δελεάστρα `baited trap' (Cratin.), δελέαστρον `id.' (Nicoph.); with δελαστρεύς `fisher with baited trap' (Nic.; for *δελεα- metri causa, s. Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 68). - With the same meaning δείλατα pl. (Call. Fr. 458), δελήτιον (Sophr.; δελῆτι δελέατι H.), δέλετρον (Numen. ap. Ath., Opp.; after the instr. names in - τρον), δέλος ( PMagPar. 1, 939, Eust.; innov. after the neutres in - ος).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The plural δέλευρα (Ath.) suggests for δέλεαρ an original r-n-stem *δέλε-Ϝαρ; cf. ἄλευρα: *ἄλε-Ϝαρ. Twosyllabic δελε- also in δελήτιον \< *δελεάτιον and in new δέλετρον (s. Chantr. Form. 332f.). Deviant only late δείλατα, which may derive from *δέλ-Ϝατα. Beside twosyll. δελε- we have βλη- in βλῆρ (Alc.), from *βλῆ-(Ϝ)αρ? or *βλέ-(Ϝ)αρ?; s. βλέτυες. -- One might suppose that δέλεαρ und βλῆρ originated frim dissimilation from *δέρεαρ and *βρῆρ, and connect βιβρώσκω (s. v.) and OHG querdar `bait'. One has also tried to connect δέλεαρ and βλῆρ with initial Labiovelar gu- with Arm. klanem, aor. ekul `devour', with Russ. gɫotátь `swallow', Lat. gula, gluttio `devour'. However, the word may well be non-IE; see the words cited.Page in Frisk: 1,360-361Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δέλεαρ
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6 δορκάς
δορκάς, - άδοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `a kind of deer, roe, gazelle' (Hdt. 7, 69).Derivatives: Other forms: δόρξ (Call.; acc. δόρκᾱ̆ν E. H. F. 376 [lyr.]; δόρκα Dindorf), δόρκος (Dsc.), δόρκων (LXX); also ζορκάς (Hdt. 4, 192), ζόρξ (Call.); ἴορκος (Opp.), ἴορκες, ἴυρκες (H.). - Diminutives: δορκάδιον (LXX, Delos IIIa), also a plant (André, Notes lexicogr. botanique s.v.); δορκαλίς (Call.; on - αλ-ιδ- Chantr. Form. 251f., 344); δορκαλῖδες `dies from the bones of..' (Herod.; on -ῑδ- s. Chantraine 346f.); δορκαλίδες ὄργανόν ἐστι κολαστικόν τε η μάστιγες αἱ ἀπὸΏ ἱμάντων δορκάδων Suidas; δορκάδε(ι)ος `made from the bones of..' ( ἀστράγαλος, Thphr., inscr., pap.; s. Schmid -εος und -ειος 52), δόρκειος (Theognost.), δόρκιος (Edict. Diocl.). - PN Δορκεύς etc., s. Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 130.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Celt.Etymology: Built like κεμάς etc., δορκάς, like δόρκος and δόρκων was derived from the root noun δόρξ. If we start from the forms with ζ-, the word agrees with a Celtic word for `roe', Corn. yorch, Bret. iourc'h `roe', Welsh iwrch `caprea mas', IE *i̯ork-o-. The δ-forms perh. folketymological after δέρκομαι. ἴορκος etc. may be Celtic (Galatic) LW [loanword]. - Sommer Lautst. 147f.Page in Frisk: 1,410Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δορκάς
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7 ἐμπολή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `trade, trade-goods, purchase, profit' (Pi., Att.).Other forms: Arc. ἰνπολα, IVaCompounds: Comp. ἀπεμπολή s. below. Note ἐμπέλωρος ἀγορανόμος H. (prob. for ἐμπολ-; diff. Chantraine, s. v.). - ἐμπολαῖος `belonging to trade', surname of Hermes (Ar.), ἐμπολεύς `buyer' (AP; cf. Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 74). Denomin. verb ἐμπολάω -άομαι, impf. ἠμπόλων, aor. ἠμπόλησα ( ἐνεπόλησα Is.), ἠμπολήθην, perf. ἠμπόληκα ( ἐμπεπόληκα Luc.), ἠμπόλημαι `trade, buy, sell, win' (Od.). Also with prefix: ἀπ-, δι-, ἐξ-, παρ-, προσ-.Derivatives: ἐμπόλημα `goods, profit' (S.), ( ἀπ-)ἐμπόλησις (Hp., Poll.), ἀπεμπολητής `seller' (Lyc.); postverbal ἀπεμπολήν ἀπαλλαγήν, πρᾶσιν, ἐμπορίαν H.Etymology: Also ( ἐξ-)ἐμπολέω `id.' (Herod., J.). Cf. ἐντολή, ἐντομή etc. and so based on a verb *ἐμπέλω, - ομαι. One compares the iterative (with lengthened grade) πωλέω `sell'. ἐμπολάω is a denomin, as appears from the augmented and reduplicated forms. - Connection with πέλομαι, -ω `turn, move' is semantically possible; ἐμπολή would then be `traffic'. IE has an old word for `sell, earn etc.', in several nominal derivv., e. g. Skt. paṇa- m. `salary' (with paṇate `trade, buy'), Lith. pel̃nas `wages, salary', OHG fāli, OWNo. falr `sal(e)able'; one connects πωλέω separating ἐμπολή. See Schwyzer 720 n. 8. See on ἐμπολή, ἐμπολάω Chantraine, Rev. de phil. 66, 11ff. with diff. suggestions ( πελάζω, πέλας etc.). - De Lamberterie argues for connection with * kʷel- and πωλέομαι, RPh 2, 1997, 159 and 172.Page in Frisk: 1,507-508Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐμπολή
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8 ἐρέτης
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `rower' (Il.),Compounds: As 2. member in ὑπ-ηρέτης, s. v.Derivatives: ἐρετικός `concerning the rowers' (Att.); collective abstrakt εἰρεσίη, - ία ( εἰ- metr. lengthening, maintained in prose) `the rowers' (Od.); denomin. verb ἐρέσσω, rare Att. ἐρέττω, aor. ἐρέσ(σ)αι `row' (Il.; on the formation Schwyzer 725). - Beside these the noun instr. ἐρετμόν n. `oar' (Il.) with ἐρετμόω `complete with oars' (E.), PN Έρετμεύς (θ 111; Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 121). - Here also the PN Έρέτρια as "the rowing (town)". - On themselves the nouns in - ηρης and - ερος, - ορος like τρι-ήρης `three-rower' (Ion.-Att.), ἁλι-ήρης `rowing the sea' ( κώπη E. Hek. 455 [lyr.]), πεντηκόντερος, πεντηκόντ-ορος `fifty-rower' (Ion.-Att.), s. below.Etymology: The agent noun ἐρέ-της points like the synonymous Skt. ari-tár- (= Gr. *ἐρε-τήρ (* h₁erh₁-) in Έρέτρ-ιᾱ) to a disyllabic primary verb `row', which in Greek was replaced by the denominative ἐρέσσω (uncertain Myc. e-re-e), but is present in other languages: Lith. iriù, ìrti (with acute, agreeing with disyllabic ἐρε-, \< *h₁r̥h₁-), Germ., e. g. ONo. rōa, Celt., e. g. OIr. imb-rā `row, sail' (IE rō- against rē- (i. e. * h₁reh₁- * h₁roh₁-) in Lat. rēmus, cf. below). Traces of this verb in Greek in τρι-ήρης `three-rower' etc. (with compositional lengthening and ending after the σ-stems), πεντηκόντ-ερος, - ορος `fifty-rower' etc. (after the ο-stems, also with - ο- after - γονος, - φορος a. o.; not with J. Schmidt KZ 32, 327 vowel-harmony). Perhaps with το-suffix (Lesb.) τέρρητον τριήρης H., if with Brugmann IF 13, 152f. haplological for *τερρ-έρητον \< *τρι-έρητον, cf. Schwyzer 274. - On influence of ἐρέτης rests prob. the form ἐρετμόν against Skt. arí-tr-a- `oar' (from ari-tár-), Lat. rēmus (formation unclear). - Details in Schwyzer KZ 63, 52ff., Hermann Gött. Nachr. 1943, 3f.; further Pok. 338, W.-Hofmann s. rēmus.Page in Frisk: 1,553-554Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐρέτης
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9 ἐρέχθω
ἐρέχθω Erechtheus!Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `rend, break' (Ψ 317, ε 83, h. Ap. 358).Other forms: only presentDerivatives: Έρεχθεύς, Att. vase σ Ερεχσες (Schwyzer 326) heros and king of Athens (Β 543, η 81), also surname of Poseidon (Plu., H.), with Έρεχθηΐς f. name of an Att. phyle (D., inschr.), Έρεχθεΐδαι pl. name of the Athenians (Pi.); prop. `the Render, (Earth)shaker'? rather short form for Έριχθόνιος (s. v.) with folk-etymological connection wih ἐρέχθω; cf. Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 129. - Plant name ἐρεχθῖτις = ἠριγέρων (Ps.-Dsc.); on the form Redard Les noms grecs en - της 171; see André, RPh 45 (1971) 216f `the one that breaks'Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Connected with Skt. rákṣas-, Av. rašah- `destruction, damage', Av. rašayeiti `damage'. Semantic objections by Kretschmer KZ 31, 432f. - Diff. on Skt. rákṣas- Renou Journ. asiat. 1939, 187; the connection is `unglaubhaft' for Mayfhofer EWAia II 423, Gunnarsson NTS 24 (1971) 64ff.Page in Frisk: 1,556-557Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐρέχθω
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10 ἐρωή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: 1. `rush, impulse, force, throw', in the Il. mostly of spears ( δουρός, βελέων ἐ.), also of men ( ἀνδρός, λικμητῆρος, Πηνελέοιο), after Hom. of other objects ( πετράων A. R. 4, 1657, πυρός AP 9, 490, γαστρός Opp. K. 3, 175, περὶ Κύπριν AP 10, 112). 2. `withdrawal, rest', in the Il. of battle ( πολέμου Π 302, Ρ 761), thus Theoc. 22, 192 ( μάχης), also δακρύων (Mosch. 4, 40) and absolute `rescue' (D. P. 601).Derivatives: Beside it ἐρωέω, aor. ἐρωῆσαι 1. intr. `draw back, withdraw, leave, rest from', also with ἀπ-, ἐξ-, ὑπ-, mostly with ablat. gen. πολέμοιο, χάρμης (Il.), καμάτοιο (h. Cer. 301) a. o., also absol. `escape a disease' (Nic.); 2. trans. `force back, push back' (Ν 57, Theoc., Call.), also `quit' (Theoc.); also of blood αἶμα κελαινὸν ἐρωήσει περὶ δουρί (Α 303 = π 441), translated with `flow, stream'. - From ἐρωέω: ἐρωΐα f. `respite, rest' (Theoc. 30, 9); from ἀπερωέω: ἀπερωεύς `who hinders, who frustrates' ( ἐμῶν μενέων Θ 361; diff. Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 29).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [338] *h₁reh₁-u̯- `rest', and?Etymology: Since Fick KZ 22, 375 two homonyms are distinguished. 1. ἐρωή `Schwung etc.' with ἐρωέω `flow, stream' (Α 303 = π 441) from IE. *rōs-ā́ in Germ., MLG. rās n. `strong flow', OE. rǣs m. `run, attack', ON rās f. `run', IE. * rēs-o-, -ā; ON rasa `fall down' with ras n. `falling down', NHG rasen, IE * rǝs-; cf. Persson KZ 48, 132f. Lat. rōrāriī pl. `lightly armed skirmishers, who start battle with slings' from * rōsā `Schwung, throw' = ἐρωή. - 2. ἐρωή `rest' with ἐρωέω `rest etc.' from IE *rōu̯ā́ = Germ., OHG ruowa, OE row, ON rō f. `rest'; beside OHG rāwa `id.', IE *rēu̯ā; other, partly doubtful connections in WP. 1, 149ff. and. 1, 144, Pok. 336, 338. - This presentation must be controlled; note that ἐρωή `Schwung etc.' and the verb ἐρωέω `rest etc.' is much more frquent than ἐρωή `rest' and notably ἐρωέω `streamen (?)'. - To be rejected Boßhardt l. c.: ἐρωή `rest' to ἐρύκω, ἐρύω, ἐρύομαι and zu ἐρητύω.Page in Frisk: 1,573Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐρωή
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11 ἠπεροπεύς
Grammatical information: m.Derivatives: With ἠπεροπεύω, only present-stem `cheat, deceive' (Hom., Hes.) with ἠπεροπευτής (only voc. - τά Γ 39 = Ν 768, h. Merc. 282 u. a.; on the formation Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 20f., 2, 34) and ἠπερόπευμα (Critias).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Because of the rarity of the attestations one is prepared to accept, with Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 26 that ἠπεροπεύς is a retrograde deriv. of ἠπεροπεύω. Basic *ἠπερ-οψ, *ἠπερ-οπός, -ή has got many explanations: Skt. ápara- `more behind, other' (Curtius 263, Prellwitz BB 22, 112); Lat. săpiō (Solmsen KZ 42, 233 n. 1); Gr. ἤπιος (L. Meyer 1, 609); ἀπάτη (Kuiper Glotta 21, 283f.; vgl. s. v.). Kuiper's connection with ἀπατ-άω is most attractive. There is no good IE etymology, so a loan, i.e. a Pre-Greek word, is quite possible (thus DELG).Page in Frisk: 1,640Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἠπεροπεύς
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12 θύρσος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `the thyrsos-wand', wreathe with ivy and vine-leaves with a pine-cone at the top (E.).Compounds: Compp., e. g. θυρσο-φόρος, ἄ-θυρσος (E.).Derivatives: Diminut. θυρσίον (Hero), θυρσάριον (Plu.); plant name θύρσιον (Ps.-Dsc.), θύρσις (Cyran.), θυρσ-ίνη and - ίτης (Dsc., s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 50; the last also name of a stone, Redard Les noms grecs en - της 55); θυρσίων name of a dolphinlike fish (Ath., Plin.; s. W.-Hofmann s. tursiō). Denomin.: θυρσάζω `flourish the th.' (Ar. Lys. 1313; Lacon. ptc. θυρσαδδωᾶν = - αζουσῶν), θυρσόω `use as th.' (D. S.). - Here also θυρξεύς surn. of Apollon in Achaia (Paus. 7, 21, 13)?; s. Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 77.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Anat.Etymology: Loan from Anatolia, cf. Hier. Luw. tuwarsa- `vine' (Laroche BSL 51 p. XXXIIIf., Forbes Glotta 36, 271f.). S. Heubeck, Praegraeca 80.Page in Frisk: 1,697Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θύρσος
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13 ἱέρᾱξ
ἱέρᾱξGrammatical information: m.Compounds: Rarely in compp., e. g. ἱερακο-βοσκός `falconer' (pap.).Derivatives: Dimin. ἱερακίσκος (Ar.); ἱερακίδιον, - άδιον `statuette of a hawk' (Delos IIa; on the meaning Chantraine Formation 70), ἱερακεῖον `hawk-temple' (pap. IIa), ἱερακιδεύς `young hawk' (Eust.; like ἀετ-ιδεύς a. o.; Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 78f.); ἱερακάριος `falconer' ( Cod. Cat. Astr.); ἱερακίτης name of a stone, from the colour (Plin., Gal.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 55), ἱεράκιον, also - ία, - ιάς, - ῖτις plant-name, `hawk-weed, Hieracium' (Ps.-Dsc.; on the unclear motivation Strömberg Pflanzennamen 118). - ἱεράκ-ειος, - ώδης `hawk-like' (late).Etymology: Though ἴρηξ in Hom. shows no digamma (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 156), the H.-glosse βείρακες ἱέρακες (with βειράκη ἡ ἁρπακτική) shows an orig. *Ϝῑρᾱξ with -ᾱκ- as in several animals names. One starts from an adj. (noun) *Ϝῑρος, perh. related to (Ϝ)ίεμαι (Ebel KZ 4, 164f.). The sec. Form ἱέραξ from folketymology after ἱερός. - Solmsen Unt. 148f., Bechtel Lex. s. ἴρηξ; more in Bq. - Possible but uncertain; the suffix -ᾱκ- could point to Pre-Greek origin.Page in Frisk: 1,712Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἱέρᾱξ
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14 κάμῑνος
κάμῑνοςGrammatical information: f. (cf. Schwyzer-Debrunner 34 n. 2; -η pap. VIp)Derivatives: (all rare, most late): Diminutive καμίνιον (Gp., Olymp. Alch.). Other subst.: καμινὼ γρηῦς `furnace-woman' (σ 27; Chantraine Formation 116); καμινεύς name of a artisan working at a furnace, e.g. `smith' or `potter' (D. S.; Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 76); καμινίων `id.' (Tegea IIp); καμινίτης ἄρτος (Philistion ap. Ath.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 89). Adj.: καμίνιος `belonging to the furnace' (Thphr.); καμιναῖος `id.' (Ezek.) with καμιναία = κάμινος (LXX; cf. Chantraine 86); καμινώδης `furnace-like' (Str.). Verb καμινεύω `burn, smelt in a furnace' (Arist., Thphr., Str.) with καμινευτής = καμινεύς (Pap. IIIa, Luk.), καμινευτήρ ( αὑλός) `pair of ballows in a smithy' (AP), f. - εύτρια (Aristarch.), καμινεία (- ία) `burning, smelting' (Thphr., Gal.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Technical loan of unknown origin (on the formation Schwyzer 491, Chantraine 205). The comparison with καμάρα (Prellwitz, Bq.) has little sense; that with OCS kamy `stone' (Hirt Ablaut 137, Falk-Torp Wb. s. kamin) is possible (Geramb WuS 9, 28); is the loan from the north or the east? (WP. 1, 349, Pok. 525). - From κάμινος Lat. camīnus with MHG kamin etc. (W.-Hofmann s. v.; s. also Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. kómin). - -ῑν- is a Pre=Greek suffix.Page in Frisk: 1,772Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάμῑνος
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15 κόπρος
Grammatical information: f. (on the gender Schwyzer-Debrunner 34 n. 4)Meaning: `excrement, ordure, dung, filth' (Il.).Compounds: Compp., e. g. κοπρο-λόγος `dung-gatherer' (Ar.), κοπρο-φορά `loaf of dung' (Amorgos IVa; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 187 A. 2 [S. 188]).Derivatives: A. Subst. κόπριον = κόπρος (Heraclit., Hp., inscr., pap.) with κοπριώδης `dung-like, full of dung' (Hp., Thphr., pap.), κοπριακός `belonging to dung' (pap.); κόπρανα pl. `excrements' (Hp., Aret.); κοπρία `dung-heap' (Semon., Stratt., Arist.; Scheller Oxytonierung 44); κοπρών (Ar.), - εών (Tz.), - ιών (Gortyn) `privy'; κοπροσύνη `manuring' (pap. VIp); - Κοπρεύς herald of Eurystheus (Ο 639; Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 121); Κοπρεαῖος joking PN (Ar.); κοπρίαι pl. `buffoons' (D. C.; Lat. copreae). - B. Adj. Κόπρειος `belonging to the demos Κόπρος' (inscr.), also referring to κόπρος (Ar.), Κόπριος `id.' (Is.); κόπρινος `living in κ.' (Hp.); κοπρώδης `dung-like, dirty' (Hp., Pl., Arist.). - C. verbs. κοπρέω `manure' only fut. ptc. κοπρήσοντες (ρ 299; v. l. κοπρίσσοντες); ( ἐκ-, ἐπι-)κοπρίζω `id.' (ρ 299 v. l., Hp., Thphr.) with κόπρισις, - ισμός `manuring' (Thphr., pap.); κοπρόω `defile with dung' (Arr.) with κόπρωσις `manuring' (Thphr.; ἐκκοπρόω with - ωσις Hp.); κοπρεύω = κοπρίζω (Chios V-IVa), κοπρεῦσαι φυτεῦσαι H.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [544] *ḱokʷr `dung'Etymology: Thematic form of an old r-n-stem, which is preserved in Skt. śákr̥-t, śakn-áḥ `dung'; so IE. *ḱoku̯r-. A primary verb is assumed in Lith. šikù, sìkti `cacare', Pok. 544, W.-Hofmann s. cacō and mūscerda. S. also on σκῶρ. The Lall-word κακκάω is not cognate.Page in Frisk: 1,914-915Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κόπρος
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16 Άχιλλεύς
Grammatical information: PNMeaning: The son of Peleus and Thetis (Il.).Other forms: Also Άχιλεύς (Il.)Derivatives: Άχιλλήϊος (Hdt.), Att. Άχίλλειος (E.); also a plant.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The variation λλ Άχιλλεύς λ (like σσ Άχιλλεύς σ in Όδυσ(σ)εύς) is typical Pre-Greek, prob. points to a palatalized l. (Not a metrical question as per Chantraine Gramm. hom. 110. Nor hypocoristic forms.) Therefore not to ἄχος `pain'. Cf. Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 139f. (Quite wrong Bader, DELG Add.)Page in Frisk: 1,201Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Άχιλλεύς
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17 Ένυάλιος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: old god of war, connected with the cry ἐλελεῦ and identified with Ares (Il.).Other forms: Myc. E-nu-wa-ri-jo ΈνυϜαλιος Argos VIIa;)Derivatives: Ένυαλία name of a phyle in Mantinea (IG 5 (2), 271); Ένυάλιον name of a temple on the island of Minoa (Th. 4, 67). - Further Ένυώ f. name of a war-goddess (short name?; Il.), and Ένυεύς king in Skyros (Ι 668; cf. Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 125).Etymology: Pre-Greek name with unclear formation and unknown etymology. Wrong Carnoy Beitr. z. Namenforschung 7, 119f. - On Enyalios s. Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 519.Page in Frisk: 1,526Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Ένυάλιος
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18 Έρμῆς
Έρμῆς, -οῦGrammatical information: m.Meaning: Hermes, son of Zeus and Maia; also `Hermes-pillar, -head' (Il.)Other forms: Έρμείας, - έας, Έρμείης (Call.), Έρμᾶς (Dor. Boeot.), Έρμάων (Hes.), Έρμάν, - ᾶνος (Lac. Arc.), Έρμάου, - άο, -ᾶ (Thess. dat.), Έρμαον (Cret. acc.).Dialectal forms: Myc. E-ma-a₂ (dat.)Compounds: As 1. member z. B. in ἑρμο-γλυφεῖον (Pl.) with retrograde ἑρμογλυ-φεύς, - ικός, - ος (Luc. a. o.), s. γλύφω.Derivatives: Hypocoristic dimin. Έρμίδιον (Ar.), - άδιον (Luc.; also `small Hermespillar' [Lydia]), after the nouns in - ίδιον, - άδιον. `Ερμαῖος `belonging to H., of H.', also as name of a month (A., S.; prob. also Ερμαῖος λόφος π 471, if not from 1. ἕρμα; s. below); ntr. Ε῝ρμαιον `Hermestemple' (Ephesos.; on the accent Hdn. Gr. 1, 369), pl. Ε῝ρμαια ( ἱερά) `H.-feast' (Att.); as appellative ἕρμαιον n. "Hermes-gift", i. e. `chance-find, unexpected advanrage' (Pl., S.); also plant-name (Stromberg Pflanzennamen 129); f. Έρμαΐς (Hp.); Έρμαιών name of a month (Halicarn., Keos); Έρμαϊσταί pl. name of the H.-adorers, Mercuriales (Rhodos, Kos, Delos), cf. e. g. Άπολλωνιασταί and Chantraine Formation 317; Έρμαϊκός (late). Έρμεῖα pl. meaning uncertain (Str. 8, 3, 12).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Έρμῆς \< Έρμέας \< Έρμείας (Aeol.; cf. Αἰνείας a. o.; cf. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 20; after Solmsen Wortforsch. 240 n. 1, Schwyzer 562 however - είας \< - έας as metr. lengthening) and Έρμάν from Έρμάων for *Έρμά̄Ϝων (like ΠοσειδάϜων a. o.) represent two diff. types of name. The latter is rejected by Myc. emaa₂, \/Hermāhās\/. - The derivation from K. O. Müller, accepted a. o. by von Wilamowitz ( Glaube 1, 159 and 285) and Nilsson (Gr. Rel. 1, 503f.), proposing connection with 1. ἕρμα, is linguistically (Schwyzer 562 n. 1) possible; both Έρμ-είας and Έρμ-ά(Ϝ)ων seem to be normal types of name that can be combined with ἕρμα. In this view Έρμῆς would have been named after "the pillar which represents him" (Wil.) or simply "he of the heaps of stone" (Nilsson). But ἕρμα does not mean pillar nor does not mean `heap of stones' (therefore ἕρμαξ, ἑρμεών); also ἑρμαῖος λόφος π 471 can indicate only the heap of ἕρματα. - The resemblance with ἑρμηνεύς induced Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 36f. (with doubtful linguistic analysis) to consider Έρμῆς, "the companion of gods and men", as the the primeval interpreter projected under the gods"; the appellative Έρμῆς would itself be Pre-Greek; thus also Schwyzer 62, Chantraine Formation 125. - The Myc. form shows that it is an unanalysable Pre-Greek name. See Ruijgh, REG (1967) 12.Page in Frisk: 1,563-564Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Έρμῆς
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19 Θησεύς
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: son of Aigeus and Aithra, king of Athens (Il.).Dialectal forms: Myc. teseuDerivatives: Θησηΐς f. `belonging to Th.' (A.), Θησεῖον `Th.-temple' (Ar.), Θησεῖδαι pl. `Th.-suns' = `Athenians' (S. in lyr.); on the deriv. Debrunner Άντίδωρον 32f. θήσειον plant name `Léontice leontopetalum' (Thphr. HP VII, 12,2), s S. Amigues, RPh. LXXV (2001)143.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Pre-Greek PN without etymology. Quite uncertain hypotheses in Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 137 and Carnoy Le Muséon 67, 360. S. Ramat, VII Congr. Internaz. Scienze Onom. 1961, 3, 268-271, Ruijgh, Lingua 28 (1971) 170Page in Frisk: 1,673Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Θησεύς
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